Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC

The Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Punjab, India. It is situated in the Shivalik range of the Himalayas.

Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its mixed deciduous forests that provide habitat to a rich variety of flora and fauna. The sanctuary is home to various mammal species, including deer such as sambar, hog deer, and barking deer, as well as jungle cats, jackals, leopards, wild boars, and more.

The avian diversity in the sanctuary is noteworthy, with around 86 species of birds recorded. These include both resident and migratory bird species, making it an appealing destination for birdwatchers.

The sanctuary's establishment highlights efforts toward wildlife conservation in the Shivalik hills region. It offers visitors a chance to experience the natural beauty of the area and learn about the importance of preserving and protecting biodiversity.

Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary Location

The Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary is located near the city of Hoshiarpur in the state of Punjab, India. It is situated in the Shivalik range of the Himalayas. The sanctuary is about 20 kilometers from Hoshiarpur city. 

The sanctuary is distributed more or less equally between the two villages that make up its name – Takhni and Rehmapur.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to the Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary is the Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport (also known as Amritsar Airport) in Amritsar, Punjab, India. This airport is located approximately 150-160 kilometers away from Hoshiarpur, where the sanctuary is located.

Nearest Railway Station:

For the nearest railway station, the Hoshiarpur Railway Station serves the city of Hoshiarpur and is likely to be the closest option. 

Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary History

The Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary, located near Hoshiarpur in the state of Punjab, India, has a history rooted in the conservation efforts and recognition of the region's natural biodiversity. Here is a brief overview of its history based on the information you provided:

1. Early Recognition and Request: In 1992, during a wildlife week celebration in Mahilpur, the Deputy Commissioner of Hoshiarpur expressed the idea of creating a wildlife sanctuary in the lower Shivalik region of Punjab. This region, including Hoshiarpur, contains diverse and relatively untouched pockets of forests rich in wildlife.

2. Efforts and Persistence: Following the Deputy Commissioner's request, the Forests and Wildlife Preservation Department of Punjab pursued the idea of establishing a wildlife sanctuary in the area. The department recognized the significance of the region's biodiversity and its potential as a protected habitat for various species.

3. Selection and Declaration: As a result of continuous efforts, the Government Protected Forests of the villages Takhni and Rehmapur, which border the state of Himachal Pradesh, were selected as the location for the proposed wildlife sanctuary. After careful consideration and evaluation, the Punjab Government declared the Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary as a protected area.

4. Official Declaration: On June 8, 1999, the Punjab Government officially notified the declaration of the Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary through a government notification (Punjab Government Notification No. 34/10/99-FT/IV/7/82). This notification marked the formal establishment of the sanctuary, recognizing its importance for wildlife conservation and biodiversity preservation.

Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary Area

The Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 382 hectares (3.82 km2) and is distributed equally between the villages of Takhni and Rehmapur.

Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary Hills

The Takhni Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Shivalik hills of the Himalayan range. The Shivalik hills are the southernmost range of the Himalayas and extend across several states in northern India, including Punjab. The sanctuary is situated within these hills, which contribute to the diverse terrain and habitat found within the protected area.

Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC

The Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area located in the state of Punjab, India. It is nestled in the foothills of the Shiwalik range and is known for its diverse ecosystem, including various flora and fauna. 

The sanctuary boasts a range of plant and animal species, contributing to its ecological richness. It is home to various mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians, making it a biodiversity hotspot.

The sanctuary serves as a critical habitat for numerous bird species, both resident and migratory. It is particularly known for providing refuge to migratory birds during their seasonal journeys.

Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary Location

The Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the city of Nangal, in the district of Rupnagar (also known as Ropar) in the state of Punjab, India. It is situated in the foothills of the Shiwalik range and is adjacent to the Nangal Dam and the Nangal Wetland. 

Nearest Airport:

Chandigarh International Airport is the nearest airport to Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary. Distance from Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary is pproximately 84 kilometers (52 miles) via road.

Nearest Railway Station:

Nangal Dam Railway Station is the nearest railway station to Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary. The railway station is located in close proximity to Nangal.

Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary History

1. Diplomatic Milestone: The Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary stands as a witness to a momentous diplomatic event. In 1954, the sanctuary gained historic importance as it became the venue where the Indian and Chinese Prime Ministers formalized the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence." This diplomatic accord laid the foundation for peaceful relations and cooperation between the two nations.

2. Formation of Nangal Dam and Reservoir: A pivotal development in the sanctuary's history occurred in 1961 with the construction of the Nangal Dam, a prominent component of the Bhakra-Nangal Project. This dam, located on the Sutlej River, led to the creation of the Nangal Wetland within the sanctuary's boundaries. The reservoir formed by the dam played a crucial role in shaping the sanctuary's unique ecosystem.

3. Protected Forest Area: In the 1960s, a significant step was taken towards the conservation of the Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary. The forest area encompassing villages such as Brari, Hambewal, Bhabor Sahib, Dabheta, Talaura (Talwara), Khera Bhagh, and Swamipur Bagh was declared a Protected Forest. This declaration, made under the Punjab Government's Notification No. 2793-Ft(VII) 64/2415 dated 28/05/1964, laid the groundwork for the establishment of the sanctuary.

4. Establishment of Sanctuary: Amidst its historical significance, the Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary was formally established on 10th August 2009. This official declaration marked a pivotal step in the sanctuary's conservation journey, solidifying its role as a protected area dedicated to preserving both its rich biodiversity and its unique historical heritage.

5. Ramsar Recognition: In a landmark event on September 26, 2019, the Nangal Wetland achieved international recognition by being designated as a Ramsar Site (Ramsar Site No. 2407). This prestigious acknowledgment underscored the wetland's profound ecological importance. 

Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary Area

The Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary covers an approximate area of 2.90 km2. This area includes a mix of land and water, with a significant portion of it being the Nangal Dam reservoir, also known as the Nangal Wetland. This diverse landscape makes the sanctuary an important habitat for various flora and fauna, including numerous bird species, mammals, and aquatic life.

Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary River

The Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary is situated near the Sutlej River. The Sutlej River is one of the major rivers in the northern part of India and plays a significant role in shaping the ecosystem of the sanctuary. 

The Nangal Dam, constructed on the Sutlej River, has created the Nangal Wetland within the sanctuary, contributing to the unique habitat and biodiversity of the area.

Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC

The Kathlour-Kushalia Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Punjab, India.

Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary Location

The Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary is located on the new bypass of the Amritsar–Jammu Highway in Tehsil Pathankot of District Pathankot in Punjab, India. It is situated on the banks of the Ravi River. 

The sanctuary encompasses portions of Village Kushalia and Village Kathlour, along with adjoining areas of Rajpur, Bahadurpur, and Jaswa.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary is the "Pathankot Airport" (also known as Pathankot Domestic Airport or Kangra Airport) which is located approximately 60-70 kilometers away, depending on the route taken.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest major railway station to Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary is the "Pathankot Junction Railway Station," which is located at a distance of about 20-25 kilometers, depending on the route taken.

Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary History

1. Establishment as a Wildlife Sanctuary: The Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary was officially established as a protected area through the Punjab Government Notification No. 34/13/2007/Ft-V/6133 dated 28.06.2007. This significant step marked its recognition as a designated wildlife sanctuary.

2. Declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zone: On December 27, 2016, a significant step was taken with Notification No. 4204 (E), which pertains to the declaration of an Eco-Sensitive Zone. This designation aimed to regulate human activities within the sanctuary's vicinity to ensure the preservation of its natural environment.

Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary Area

The Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary covers an expansive area of 1896 acres. Of this, 346 acres belong to Village Kushalia and 1550 acres belong to village Kathlour and adjoining villages Rajpur, Bahadurpur, and Jaswa.

Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary River

The Kathlour Wildlife Sanctuary is situated along the banks of the river Ravi. The presence of the river Ravi enhances the biodiversity and ecological significance of the sanctuary by providing water sources and creating a diverse habitat for various plant and animal species. 

Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC

The Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Punjab, India. This sanctuary offers a habitat for diverse wildlife species including Sambar deer, Barking Deer, and potentially migratory Leopards. 

Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary Location

The Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary id located in the Government forest area of District Rupnagar, Punjab, India. It is situated 3 km from Anandpur Sahib city. 

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary is likely to be Chandigarh Airport. Chandigarh Airport is located approximately 65-70 kilometers away from Anandpur Sahib, which is the city closest to the sanctuary.

Nearest Railway Station:

As for the nearest railway station, the Anandpur Sahib Railway Station would likely be the most convenient option. Anandpur Sahib Railway Station is situated in the city of Anandpur Sahib itself, making it the closest rail access point to the Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary.

Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary History

The Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary, located near Anandpur Sahib in the Rupnagar district of Punjab, India, has a history that centers around its establishment as a protected area for the conservation of wildlife and their habitats.

Here's a brief overview of its history:

1. Establishment and Declaration: The sanctuary was initially declared as a wildlife sanctuary on September 9, 1998, under Section 18(1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This declaration was made by the Punjab Government, recognizing the ecological importance of the area and the need for its conservation.

2. Final Notification: The sanctuary's status was further solidified with a final notification issued on December 11, 2003, under Section 26A of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. This notification reaffirmed its designation as a wildlife sanctuary and provided legal protection for the flora and fauna within its boundaries.

3. Eco-Sensitive Zone Declaration: In March 2017, the Government of India issued a notification designating an eco-sensitive zone around the sanctuary. This zone is intended to provide an additional layer of protection to the sanctuary's environment and prevent potential negative impacts from surrounding development.

Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary Area

The Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary covers an area of 116.00 hectares (289 acres). The sanctuary encompasses portions of three villages: 218 acres belong to Village Jhajjar, 55 acres to Village Bachauli, and 16 acres to Village Lamlehri. 

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary is a significant protected area in the Indian state of Punjab. It is located at the confluence of the Beas and Sutlej rivers. The sanctuary is known for its diverse ecosystems, including wetlands, marshes, and shallow water bodies.

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. It serves as a crucial habitat for numerous bird species, including both resident and migratory birds. Migratory birds from different parts of the world visit the sanctuary during the winter months, making it a significant site for birdwatching and ornithological research.

The sanctuary's wetland ecosystems support a variety of aquatic vegetation, including submerged, floating, and emergent plants. These plants contribute to the overall biodiversity of the area and provide important habitat for various aquatic species.

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary Location

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary is located at the confluence of the Beas and Sutlej rivers in the northern Indian state of Punjab. The sanctuary spans parts of the Tarn Taran, Ferozepur and Kapurthala districts. The geographical coordinates of the sanctuary are approximately:

The sanctuary is situated near the town of Harike, which is also sometimes referred to as "Hari-ke-Pattan." It is well-known for its wetland ecosystems and its significance as a habitat for migratory and resident bird species. 

Nearest Airport:

The nearest major airport to Harike Wildlife Sanctuary is the Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport in Amritsar, Punjab. It is located at a distance of approximately 124 kilometers from the sanctuary. This airport serves both domestic and international flights.

Nearest Railway Station:

 Ferozepur Cantt Railway Station is one of the nearest railway stations to Harike Wildlife Sanctuary. It is located in Ferozepur, Punjab, at a distance of around 47 kilometers from the sanctuary.

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary History

The rich history of Harike Wildlife Sanctuary is a tapestry woven with ecological transformation, cultural significance, and international conservation accolades.

1. Ancient Roots and Cultural Significance: Embedded in the region's past, Harike's confluence of the Beas and Sutlej rivers holds ancient cultural roots, earning the name "Hari-ke-Pattan." A place of spiritual pilgrimage, it resonates with echoes of historical reverence.

2. Establishment: Harike's landscape underwent a remarkable ecological metamorphosis, fostering wetlands, marshes, and shallow water bodies. Recognizing its ecological value, the sanctuary was officially established as a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1999. This marked the inception of dedicated conservation endeavors, focused on safeguarding the sanctuary's diverse ecosystems.

3. Ramsar Designation: Transcending national borders, Harike Wildlife Sanctuary garnered international acclaim. In a seminal recognition in 1990, the International Body of Wetlands, operating under the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), bestowed the sanctuary with the prestigious Ramsar site designation. This acknowledgement underscores Harike's stature as a vital international wetland.

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary Area

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary covers an approximate area of around 86 square kilometers (33 square miles). This area includes a diverse range of ecosystems such as wetlands, marshes, shallow water bodies, and associated terrestrial habitats. 

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary River

Harike Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at the confluence of two major rivers in Punjab, India:

(1) Beas River:

The Beas River is one of the two rivers that converge at Harike. It is a major river in North India, originating in the Himalayas and flowing through the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab before eventually joining the Sutlej River at the Harike confluence.

(2) Sutlej River:

The Sutlej River is the other river that meets the Beas River at Harike. It is another important river originating in Tibet and flowing through the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.

The confluence of the Beas and Sutlej rivers at Harike forms a unique wetland ecosystem that attracts a wide variety of flora and fauna, including numerous bird species, making it an important wildlife habitat and a site of ecological significance.

Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC

Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Punjab, India. The sanctuary is recognized for its historical significance, ecological diversity, and its role in preserving native flora and fauna. 

Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary Location

Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Patiala district of Punjab, India. It falls within the jurisdiction of the Patiala Forest Division (Wildlife). The sanctuary is situated on the Patiala – Dakala Road, approximately 5 km from the town of Patiala. The entry to the sanctuary is from the Patiala – Dakala link road, which passes along its southern fringe.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary is Chandigarh Airport. It is located in Chandigarh, which is the capital city of both Punjab and Haryana states in India. The airport is approximately 63 kilometers (about 39 miles) away from the sanctuary.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary is Patiala Railway Station. It is located in the city of Patiala, which is around 8 kilometers (about 5 miles) from the sanctuary. You can reach the sanctuary from the Patiala Railway Station by taking a bus or a taxi.

Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary History

Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary has a historical significance that dates back to its establishment and previous uses. Here is a brief history of the sanctuary:

1. Early Use as Hunting Reserve: Before being declared a wildlife sanctuary, Bir Moti Bagh served as a renowned hunting reserve for the kings of the Patiala state. It was a favored location for royal hunting activities.

2. Wildlife Imports: During earlier times, the Patiala Maharaja imported species such as German Wild Pig and Red Junglefowl to the sanctuary for recreational purposes. Additionally, the Spotted Deer and Black Buck were introduced to the sanctuary by the wildlife department.

3. Protected Forest and Wildlife Sanctuary: On February 28, 1952, Bir Moti Bagh was officially declared a protected forest and a wildlife sanctuary under the Preservation of Fauna of Patiala Act, 1896. This marked the formal recognition of the area's importance for wildlife conservation and protection.

4. Eco Sensitive Zone Designation: A significant milestone in the sanctuary's history occurred on March 11, 2016, when it was declared an Eco Sensitive Zone through Notification No. S.O. 1055E. This designation highlighted the importance of preserving the delicate balance between human activities and the sanctuary's ecological integrity. The recognition underscored Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary's role in promoting sustainable practices and harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.

Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary Area

The total area of Bir Moti Bagh Wildlife Sanctuary is 654.00 hectares. 

Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC

Bir Mehas Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Punjab, India. The sanctuary is home to various flora species and supports a diverse range of wildlife species.

Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary Location

The Bir Mehas Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Patiala district of Punjab, India. It falls within the jurisdiction of the Patiala Forest Division (Wildlife) and is situated in the tehsil (sub-district) of Nabha. 

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary is the Chandigarh International Airport. It is located approximately 85-90 kilometers away from the sanctuary.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary is Nabha Railway Station. It is located within the town of Nabha, which is close to the sanctuary. The sanctuary is about 1 km away from the Nabha Bus Stand, making it easily accessible from the town and the railway station.

Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary History

The history of Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary reflects its establishment, conservation efforts, and its role in protecting and preserving the local biodiversity. Here's a brief overview:

1. Establishment: The Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary traces its origins back to a pivotal moment in history when its establishment was formalized under the provisions of the Fauna of Patiala Act. This crucial step was marked by the issuance of Notification F.No. 150/50 dated 28.02.1952, signifying the sanctuary's inception as a protected area dedicated to the conservation and preservation of its unique wildlife and natural resources.

2. Eco-Sensitive Zone Declaration: The Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary, in addition to its role in preserving local biodiversity, has garnered further attention due to its designation as an Eco-Sensitive Zone. This significant development was formalized through the Government of India's Notification No. 350(E) Dated 06.02.2017. The declaration pertains to the recognition of an Eco-Sensitive Zone, a concept aimed at promoting conservation in the buffer areas surrounding protected wildlife habitats.

Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary Area

The total area of Bir Mehaswala Wildlife Sanctuary is approximately 123.43 hectares (about 305 acres). The sanctuary comprises only 3.43% of total protected areas of Patiala Forest Division (3600.21 hac).