Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve UPSC
The Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve is a significant ecological region located in the in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.
The biosphere reserve is named after two prominent rivers in the region, namely the Dihang (also known as the Siang or Brahmaputra) and the Dibang. These rivers play a crucial role in shaping the landscape and supporting the diverse ecosystems within the reserve.
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Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve Location
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is located in the northeastern state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. The reserve spreads over three districts: Dibang Valley, Upper Siang, and West Siang. It is bordered by the Dihang River to the south and the Dibang River to the north.
The biosphere reserve is nestled within the larger Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot, which is renowned for its rich and unique flora and fauna.
Nearest Airport:
The nearest airport to the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is the Dibrugarh Airport, also known as Mohanbari Airport. It is located in Dibrugarh, Assam, which is approximately 190 kilometers away from the biosphere reserve.
Nearest Railway Station:
In terms of railway connectivity, the nearest major railway station to the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is the Tinsukia Junction Railway Station, located in Tinsukia, Assam. It is approximately 200 kilometers away from the biosphere reserve.
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve History
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve has a significant history related to its recognition and establishment as a protected area. Here is a brief overview of its history:
1. Pre-Independence Era: The region where the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is located was historically inhabited by indigenous communities like the Mishmi, Idu Mishmi, Adi, and Tangsa tribes, who had a deep connection with the land and its resources.
2. Post-Independence: After India gained independence in 1947, the region came under the administration of the state of Assam. However, due to its remote and inaccessible nature, the area remained relatively isolated.
3. Conservation Initiatives: In the late 1980s, the government recognized the ecological importance and biodiversity value of the region, prompting efforts to protect it. Various conservation organizations, researchers, and local communities highlighted the need for conserving the unique ecosystems and threatened species found in the area.
4. Formation of Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve: In 1998, the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve was officially established by the Government of India.
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve Area
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve covers a vast area of approximately 5,111 square kilometers. The core zone of the reserve has area coverage of 4095 sq. km. and the buffer zone is spread over 1017 sq. km. This extensive area supports a wide range of flora and fauna, making it an important hotspot for biodiversity conservation in the region.
- Core Area- 4095 sq. km.
- Buffer Area- 1017 sq. km.
- Total- 5112 sq. km
The Mouling National Park and the Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary are located fully or partly within this biosphere reserve.
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve Hills
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is located in the eastern Himalayas and encompasses a range of hills within its territory. These hills contribute to the diverse topography and ecological richness of the reserve.
The Mishmi Hills are a prominent mountain range within the biosphere reserve. They are known for their rugged terrain, deep valleys, and rich biodiversity. These hills are home to various endemic species and provide important habitats for wildlife.
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve River
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is named after two prominent rivers in the region, the Dihang River (also known as the Siang River or Brahmaputra River) and the Dibang River. These rivers play a vital role in the ecological dynamics and biodiversity of the biosphere reserve.
(1) Dihang River (Siang River/Brahmaputra River):
The Dihang River, known as the Siang River in its upper reaches, is one of the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River. It originates from Tibet and flows through Arunachal Pradesh before joining the Brahmaputra River in Assam. The Dihang River is significant in shaping the landscape of the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve and provides water for the various habitats and ecosystems within the reserve.
(2) Dibang River:
The Dibang River is another significant river within the biosphere reserve. It is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River and originates from the glaciers of the Dibang Valley. The Dibang River flows through the biosphere reserve, enriching the region with its water resources and contributing to the diverse ecosystems and wildlife habitats.
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve Tribe
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is home to several indigenous tribes that have a long history of inhabiting the region. Here are some of the prominent tribes that reside in or near the biosphere reserve:
(1) Mishmi Tribe:
The Mishmi tribe is one of the major indigenous groups in the region. They primarily inhabit the Mishmi Hills, which are part of the biosphere reserve. The Mishmi people have a distinct culture, language, and traditional knowledge related to the local ecosystems.
(2) Idu Mishmi Tribe:
The Idu Mishmi tribe is another significant tribal community in the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve. They inhabit the valleys and foothills of the region.
(3) Adi Tribe:
The Adi tribe is one of the largest indigenous communities in Arunachal Pradesh, including the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve. The Adi people have different sub-groups, such as the Padam, Minyong, Pasi, and Bori. They have a rich cultural heritage, with distinct traditions, festivals, and craftsmanship.
(4) Tangsa Tribe:
The Tangsa tribe resides in the eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh, near the Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve. While they are not directly located within the reserve, they are an important tribal community in the surrounding areas.
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve Flora
What is the flora of Dehang-Debang Biosphere Reserve?
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve hosts a diverse range of flora due to its varied habitats and elevations. Here are some of the notable vegetation types found in the biosphere reserve:
(1) Sub-tropical Broad-leaved Forests:
These forests are characterized by a rich diversity of broad-leaved tree species. They include a mix of evergreen and deciduous trees, such as oak, laurel, magnolia, chestnut, and bamboo. These forests are typically found in lower elevations and areas with higher rainfall.
(2) Subtropical Pine Forests:
Subtropical pine forests consist mainly of various species of pine trees, such as Pinus kesiya and Pinus wallichiana. These forests are found in the intermediate elevations of the biosphere reserve.
(3) Temperate Broad-leaved Forests:
In the higher elevations, temperate broad-leaved forests dominate. These forests are composed of trees like oak, maple, rhododendron, and birch. They are known for their vibrant foliage and diverse understory vegetation.
(4) Temperate Conifer Forests:
The biosphere reserve also features temperate conifer forests, which are dominated by coniferous tree species like fir, spruce, and hemlock. These forests are found in colder and higher elevations.
(5) Sub-alpine Woody Shrubs:
In the sub-alpine regions of the biosphere reserve, woody shrubs like dwarf rhododendron, willow, juniper, and mountain ash can be found. These shrubs are adapted to the harsh environmental conditions prevailing at higher altitudes.
(6) Alpine Meadow (Mountain Tundra):
At the highest elevations, the biosphere reserve exhibits alpine meadows or mountain tundra. These areas are characterized by low-growing, hardy plants like grasses, sedges, mosses, and small flowering plants that can withstand the extreme cold and wind.
(7) Bamboo Brakes:
Bamboo brakes are patches of dense bamboo growth that can be found throughout the biosphere reserve. Bamboos are an important component of the local ecosystems, providing habitat and food sources for various species.
(8) Grassland:
The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve also includes grassland areas, which are open areas dominated by grasses. These grasslands serve as important grazing grounds for wildlife.
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve Fauna (Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve Animals)
What animals are found in Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve?
Mammals:
- Tiger
- Asian Elephant
- Mishmi Takin
- Red Goral
- Musk Deer
- Red Panda
- Asiatic Black Bear
- Mechuka Giant Flying Squirrel
- Mishmi Hills Giant Flying Squirrel
- Spotted or Common Leopard
- Clouded Leopard
- Golden Cat
- Jungle Cat
- Marbled Cat
- Leopard Cat
- Musk Deer
- Bison
- Serow
- Sloth Bear
- Indian Wild Dog
- Red Fox
- Assamese Macaque
- Wild Boar
Birds:
- Sclater's Monal
- Blyth's Tragopan
- Temminck's Tragopan
- Pale-Capped Pigeon
- Purple Cochoa
- Nepal Cutia
- Pale Blue Flycatcher
- Wedged Billed Wren-Babbler
- Water Pipit
- Japanese Bush Warbler
- Isabeline Wheatear
- Pine Buntings
Reptiles:
- Green Pit Vipers
- Cobras
- Kraits
- Indian Rock Python
Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve UPSC Questions
Q. Where is Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve located?
A. The Dihang Dibang Biosphere Reserve is located in the Dibang Valley, Upper Siang, and West Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh in India.
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