Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC
The Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary is loacted in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. The sanctuary fo its breathtaking natural beauty and unique ecosystems. This sanctuary stands as a crucial habitat for rare and endangered species, including the elusive snow leopard and Himalayan ibex.
The sanctuary's fame is propelled by the stunning Chandertal Lake, renowned for its crystal-clear waters reflecting the surrounding mountains. Its Ramsar Site designation underscores its global wetland importance.
Beyond its ecological significance, the sanctuary holds cultural and religious reverence among local communities, enriching its allure. Adventure seekers are drawn to its trekking trails and high-altitude landscapes. Meanwhile, researchers appreciate its role as a scientific hub for studying extreme adaptations of flora and fauna.
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Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Location
The Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The sanctuary encompasses the Chandertal Lake, a high-altitude lake situated in the cold desert region of the Himalayas.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Nearest Airport:
The nearest major airport to Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary is likely the Kullu-Manali Airport (Bhuntar Airport), located in Bhuntar, Himachal Pradesh. Approximately 200-250 kilometers (124-155 miles) from the Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Nearest Railway Station:
Joginder Nagar Railway Station: Approximately 150-180 kilometers (93-112 miles) from the Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary.
Shimla Railway Station: Approximately 280-330 kilometers (174-205 miles) from the sanctuary.
Chandigarh Railway Station: Approximately 320-370 kilometers (199-230 miles) from the sanctuary.
Kalka Railway Station: Approximately 310-360 kilometers (193-224 miles) from the sanctuary.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary History
Establishment: Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary was formally established in 2007 through a notification by the Government of Himachal Pradesh (GoHP). The sanctuary's boundaries were defined according to the provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Boundary Rationalization: In 2013, a significant development occurred as the sanctuary's boundary was rationalized and realigned to synchronize with the broader Upper Spiti Landscape. This expansion encompassed an area of 3,856 hectares.
Chandratal Wetland as Core Zone: The heart of the Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary is the Chandertal wetland, which forms the core zone. This ecologically rich area is a focal point for biodiversity and conservation efforts.
Proposed Boundary Extension: The conservation initiatives continued as an intent notification to extend the sanctuary's boundary by an additional 1,153 hectares was issued in 2013. This expansion aimed to enhance the protected area's coverage for greater environmental preservation.
Eco-Sensitive Zone Draft Notification: In 2016, the process of fortifying the sanctuary's ecological integrity took a step forward with the issuance of a draft notification for the Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ). This measure aimed to balance conservation with sustainable development.
Notification Status and Revisions: It's noteworthy that the Eco-Sensitive Zone notification issued in 2016 has since lapsed. Presently, the notification is under revision by the Himachal Pradesh Forest Department (HPFD). This revision underscores the authorities' commitment to ensuring that environmental protection measures align with evolving ecological considerations.
Ramsar Designation:
(i) Conservation Milestone (1994): Since its official recognition as a nationally important wetland in 1994, the Chandertal Wetland has marked a significant milestone in the realm of conservation and environmental protection.
(ii) Ramsar Site Designation (2005): Building upon its national recognition, the Chandertal Wetland achieved global acknowledgment by being designated as a "RAMSAR SITE" in the year 2005. This international recognition underlines its exceptional ecological value and commitment to global biodiversity preservation.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Area
The Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary spans an area of approximately 3,856 hectares. This area includes the core zone of the sanctuary, which is focused around the Chandertal wetland, a high-altitude lake located in the cold desert region of the Lahaul and Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, India.
The sanctuary's boundaries were rationalized and aligned with the Upper Spiti Landscape in 2013 to encompass this area.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary River
The Chandra River flows through the sanctuary's region and is an integral part of the local ecosystem. It contributes to the hydrological balance of the area and provides water to the Chandertal Lake. The Chandra River originates in the Baralacha La pass and joins the Bhaga River downstream, eventually becoming the Chenab River.
The river's presence plays a vital role in supporting the surrounding flora and fauna by providing water and contributing to the overall ecological dynamics of the Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Lake
The Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary is home to the Chandertal Lake, which is one of its central and defining features. Here's more information about the lake within the sanctuary:
Chandertal Lake:
Location: Chandertal Lake, also known as "Moon Lake," is a high-altitude alpine lake located in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is situated at an altitude of approximately 4,337 meters (14,202 feet) above sea level.
Natural Beauty: The lake is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, surrounded by breathtaking landscapes, rugged mountains, and snow-covered peaks. Its clear blue waters reflect the surrounding mountains, creating a picturesque and serene environment.
Glacial Origin: Chandertal Lake is primarily fed by glacial meltwater from the surrounding mountains. It is nestled in a glacial cirque, which contributes to its unique and pristine ecosystem.
Ecosystem: The lake and its surroundings support a variety of plant and animal species adapted to the high-altitude and cold desert environment. It serves as an important habitat for migratory birds, as well as native species that have evolved to thrive in this challenging terrain.
Cultural and Religious Significance: Chandertal Lake holds cultural and religious importance for local communities and visitors alike. It is often regarded as a sacred site and is associated with local myths and legends. The lake attracts tourists, trekkers, and nature enthusiasts who come to admire its beauty and experience its tranquil ambiance.
Conservation Status: The Chandertal Lake and its surrounding area have gained recognition for their ecological significance. The lake's inclusion within the Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary and its Ramsar Site designation highlight efforts to conserve its fragile ecosystem and promote sustainable tourism.
Access: The lake is accessible through a trekking route that takes visitors through awe-inspiring landscapes. The journey to Chandertal Lake is an adventure in itself, offering breathtaking views and an opportunity to connect with nature.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Flora
The flora within the Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary comprises a range of plant species that have adapted to the challenging high-altitude and cold desert environment of the Lahaul and Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Here's an overview of the flora found within the sanctuary:
(1) Grasses and Sedges:
Various grasses and sedges, such as Poa and Agropyron, thrive in the alpine meadows and contribute to the ecosystem's nutrient cycling. These grasses provide important forage for herbivores.
(2) Herbaceous Plants:
The sanctuary is home to a variety of herbaceous plants, including species like Potentila, Ranunculus, Acquilegia, Primula, Aconitum, Aster, Bistorta affinis, Delphinium, Geranium, Oxyria, Polygonium, Rosularia, Stellaria, and Thymus. These plants play a crucial role in stabilizing the soil and providing food and habitat for various wildlife.
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Fauna (Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary Animals)
Which animals are found in Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary?
Mammals:
- Snow Leopard
- Himalayan Ibex
- Blue Sheep (Bharal)
- Red Fox
- Marmot
- Wild Boar
- Pikas and Voles
Birds:
- Golden Eagle
- Himalayan Snowcock
- Chukar Partridge
- Black-winged Stilt
- Waterfowl
Reptiles:
- Keeled Skink
- Grass Snake
- Kukri Snake
Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC Questions
Q. Where is Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary located?
A. The Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It encompasses the Chandertal Lake, a high-altitude alpine lake that is often referred to as "Moon Lake" due to its captivating beauty. The sanctuary is situated in the cold desert region of the Himalayas, known for its rugged terrain, pristine landscapes, and unique biodiversity.
Q. Why is Chandratal Wildlife Sanctuary famous?
A. The Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for several compelling reasons, making it a renowned destination among nature enthusiasts, wildlife researchers, and adventure seekers:
1. Breathtaking Natural Beauty: The sanctuary is situated in the picturesque Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, known for its stunning landscapes, towering mountains, and pristine alpine meadows. The centerpiece of the sanctuary is the Chandertal Lake, which is celebrated for its crystal-clear blue waters and the way it reflects the surrounding mountains.
2. Unique Ecosystem: Chandertal Wildlife Sanctuary encompasses a diverse range of ecosystems, from high-altitude alpine meadows to cold desert environments. This unique combination supports a remarkable variety of flora and fauna that have adapted to the harsh conditions of the region.
3. Rare and Endangered Species: The sanctuary is home to several rare and endangered species, including the elusive snow leopard (Panthera uncia), which is a symbol of conservation efforts in the Himalayas. Other notable species like Himalayan ibex, blue sheep, and golden eagle also contribute to its fame.
4. Ramsar Site Designation: The Chandertal Lake, situated within the sanctuary, has been designated as a Ramsar Site, highlighting its international significance as a wetland of global importance. This recognition underscores its role in biodiversity conservation and wetland preservation.
5. Cultural and Religious Significance: The lake and the sanctuary hold cultural and religious importance for local communities and are often associated with myths and legends. This adds an extra layer of reverence and intrigue to the area.
6. Trekking and Adventure: The sanctuary offers a range of trekking opportunities, attracting adventure enthusiasts who seek to explore its rugged terrains, high-altitude trails, and breathtaking vistas. The journey to Chandertal Lake is an adventure in itself.
7. Scientific and Ecological Research: The unique ecosystem of the sanctuary provides an ideal setting for scientific research and ecological studies. Researchers and conservationists are drawn to the area to study the adaptations of flora and fauna to extreme environments.
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