Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary UPSC

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is located in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is a protected area that aims to conserve and protect the vultures in the region. The sanctuary's rocky terrain and cliffs provide a suitable habitat for vultures and other avian species. It is the first Vulture Sanctuary in India.

Of the nine species of vultures found in India, three (Long-billed Vulture, Egyptian Vulture and White-backed Vulture) reside in the protected region within this sanctuary. These rare birds have been roosting for several decades in the hills of Ramanagara.

Vultures play a crucial role in the ecosystem by scavenging and preventing the spread of diseases. However, vulture populations across India have drastically declined due to various factors, including the use of the veterinary drug diclofenac in cattle, which is toxic to vultures when they consume the carcasses of treated animals.

To address this conservation crisis, the Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary was established to provide a safe habitat for vultures and promote their recovery. The sanctuary offers suitable nesting and feeding sites for these birds, helping to support their population growth. The area's rocky terrain and cliffs provide ideal nesting locations for vultures.

Table of Contents

Location
History
Area
Hills
Flora
Fauna
UPSC Questions

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary Location

The Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is located in the Ramanagara district of the Indian state of Karnataka. The sanctuary is situated on Ramadevarabetta Hill, which is part of the Ramadevara Betta Range of hills.

It's situated around 50 kilometers (31 miles) southwest of the city of Bangalore, making it relatively accessible from the city.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to the Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is Kempegowda International Airport, which serves Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka, India. The sanctuary is located approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) southwest of Bangalore.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to the sanctuary is Ramanagara Railway Station. Ramanagara is a town located near the sanctuary and is well-connected by rail. The distance between Ramanagara Railway Station and the sanctuary is relatively short (4.6 km), making it a convenient option for those traveling by train.

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary History

The Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary has a history rooted in conservation efforts to protect the critically endangered vulture species in the region. Here's a brief overview of its history:

1. Vulture Decline: In the late 20th century, vulture populations across India faced a significant decline. This decline was largely attributed to the veterinary drug diclofenac, which was used to treat cattle but proved fatal to vultures that consumed the carcasses of treated animals.

2. Conservation Awareness: The alarming decline of vultures drew attention to the crucial role they play in the ecosystem as scavengers, preventing the spread of diseases. Conservationists and environmentalists began to raise awareness about the plight of vultures and the need for urgent conservation measures.

3. Initiation of Sanctuary: Recognizing the urgency of vulture conservation, the Karnataka Forest Department, along with various conservation organizations, initiated efforts to establish a sanctuary dedicated to the protection of vultures. Ramadevarabetta Hill and its surroundings were identified as a suitable location for the sanctuary due to their rocky terrain and potential for providing nesting sites for vultures.

4. Designation: In 2012, the Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary was formally established to provide a safe haven for vultures to nest, roost, and thrive. The sanctuary was set up to support the recovery of vulture populations and to conserve the biodiversity of the area.

5. Conservation Activities: The sanctuary has since been involved in a range of conservation activities. These include monitoring vulture populations, studying their behavior, protecting their habitats from disturbances, and conducting research to better understand the challenges and needs of vultures in the region.

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary Area

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary cover an area of approximately 3.46 square kilometers. Its significance in conserving vulture populations and their habitats.

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary Hills

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is located on Ramadevarabetta Hill, which is also known simply as Ramadevara Betta. This hill is a prominent geological feature and is a part of the Ramadevara Betta Range of hills. The sanctuary is situated on and around this hill, providing suitable rocky terrain and cliffs that are important for vulture nesting and roosting.

Ramadevarabetta Hill is known for its scenic beauty and has cultural and religious significance as well. It's not only a conservation area for vultures but also a place of interest for visitors due to its natural features and the Ramadevara Temple situated at its summit. The sanctuary encompasses the hill's slopes and the surrounding landscape, creating a protected environment that supports vulture populations and other wildlife.

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary Flora

The Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary boasts a diverse range of ecosystems, including dry deciduous forests, thorny scrub, and moist deciduous forests. Within these habitats, a rich array of plant species thrives, contributing to the sanctuary's unique biodiversity.

(1) Dry Deciduous Forests:

The dry deciduous forests are characterized by hardy vegetation that adapts to seasonal changes. Among the dominant species in these forests are Anogeissus latifolia, known for its sturdy structure and durable wood. The sanctuary also hosts the Schleichera oleosa, a tree whose seeds yield a valuable oil used for various purposes. Terminalia tomentosa and Terminalia arjuna, with their robust trunks and versatile uses, are essential components of these woodlands.

(2) Thorny Scrub:

Transitioning to the thorny scrub regions, the landscape is populated by Grewia tilaefolia, a shrub adorned with delicate flowers, and Santalum album, a species cherished for its aromatic heartwood, a prized ingredient in perfumes and incense. The Shorea talura tree stands as a testament to nature's beauty with its graceful form, while the Emblica officinalis, known as amla, bears nutrient-rich fruits that have been used for centuries for their health benefits.

(3) Moist Deciduous Forests:

In the moist deciduous forests, the Vitex altissima can be found. This tree adds its splendor to the verdant surroundings, contributing to the intricate web of life that depends on the sanctuary's diverse flora.

Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary Fauna (Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary Animals)

The Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary is a haven for a diverse range of fauna, fostering a delicate balance of ecosystems that support various species. From the skies to the forest floor, the sanctuary is home to an array of animals, each playing a vital role in the intricate web of life that thrives within its boundaries.

Mammals:

Leopard
Golden Jackal
Fox
Wild Boar
Sloth Bear
Spotted Deer
Barking Deer
Common Langur
Bonnet Macaque
Indian Crested Porcupine

Birds:

Long-billed Vulture
White Backed Vulture
Egyptian Vulture

Reptiles:

The rocky outcrops and vegetation provide suitable habitats for reptiles and amphibians. You might find species like lizards, snakes, frogs, and toads. Their presence indicates the health of the ecosystem, as they contribute to the control of insect populations and serve as prey for larger animals.