Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary UPSC
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in the Indian state of Odisha. The sanctuary is known for its stunning natural beauty, including the dramatic gorge formed by the Mahanadi River as it cuts through the Eastern Ghats.
The sanctuary is named after the Satkosia Gorge, which is a deep and picturesque canyon formed by the Mahanadi River. The gorge is the main attraction of the sanctuary, offering breathtaking views of the river and the surrounding hills.
The sanctuary is known for its population of gharials and mugger crocodiles. These reptiles are important components of the local ecosystem and are conserved within the sanctuary.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is home to unique and rare freshwater turtles such as Chitra indica and Trionyx (Aspideretes) gangeticus. The presence of these turtles reflects the biodiversity of the region.
Visitors to the sanctuary have the opportunity to enjoy boating experiences on the Mahanadi River, allowing them to appreciate the natural beauty of the gorge from a different perspective.
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Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Location
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is located in the Angul district of Odisha, India. It is situated in the eastern part of India. The sanctuary encompasses the region where the Mahanadi River intersects the Eastern Ghats, and it is known for its stunning gorge formed by the river.
The sanctuary covers a significant area in the Angul district, and it is accessible by road from various parts of Odisha, including the state capital, Bhubaneswar. The nearest town to the sanctuary is Angul.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Nearest Airport:
The nearest airport to Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is the Biju Patnaik International Airport, located in Bhubaneswar (125 km), the capital city of Odisha. Bhubaneswar is well-connected to major cities in India, and from the airport, you can reach Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary by road.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Nearest Railway Station:
The nearest railway station to Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is the Angul Railway Station. Angul is the closest town to the sanctuary, and from the railway station, you can hire local transportation to reach the sanctuary, which is approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) away.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary History
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary has a history closely tied to its conservation and protection efforts. Here is a brief overview of its history:
Name Origin: The name "Satkosia" is derived from the term "satkosh," which refers to a narrow stretch of the Mahanadi River that is approximately seven miles long. This stretch of the river is a defining feature of the sanctuary.
Establishment: Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary was established in 1976. Its establishment aimed to protect the unique ecological and geomorphological features of the region, including the scenic gorge formed by the Mahanadi River as it cuts through the Eastern Ghats.
Tiger Reserve: In 2007, a portion of Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary was declared as the Satkosia Tiger Reserve to specifically focus on the conservation of Bengal tigers. This designation aims to protect and increase the tiger population in the area.
Nature Interpretation Centre: To educate visitors about the sanctuary's ecology and biodiversity, a Nature Interpretation Centre was established at Tikarpada. This center provides information about the sanctuary's natural history and conservation efforts.
Ramsar Site: In 2021, Satkosia Gorge has been designated as a Ramsar site, making it the third such wetland of international importance in the state of Odisha, India. This recognition underscores the ecological significance and the need for the conservation of this unique and valuable natural habitat.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Area
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 988.30 square kilometers (381.47 square miles), and it was originally created in 1976 with an area of 796 square kilometers (307 square miles).
This vast expanse of protected land is significant for its biodiversity and unique geomorphological features, including the picturesque gorge formed by the Mahanadi River.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Hills
The Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is surrounded by hills on both the northern and southern sides of the Mahanadi River. These hills contribute to the diverse and picturesque landscape of the sanctuary. While the sanctuary itself is primarily known for the gorge formed by the Mahanadi River, the hills in the vicinity add to its scenic beauty and provide habitat for various wildlife species.
The hills in the Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary area are part of the Eastern Ghats, a mountain range that runs along the eastern coast of India. These hills are covered with vegetation and are an integral part of the sanctuary's ecosystem. They provide shelter and foraging grounds for many wildlife species found in the region.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary River
The Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is primarily defined by the majestic Mahanadi River, which flows through the sanctuary and creates the dramatic gorge that gives the sanctuary its name. Here are some key details about the river and its significance in the sanctuary:
Mahanadi River: The Mahanadi River is one of the major rivers in India, originating in the Chhattisgarh state and flowing through Odisha before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. It is known for its length and importance in the region, serving as a lifeline for several states.
Formation of Gorge: As the Mahanadi River flows through the Eastern Ghats in the Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary, it encounters rugged terrain. The river's course narrows significantly, creating a picturesque and deep canyon-like formation known as the Satkosia Gorge. This gorge is a prominent feature of the sanctuary and is a popular attraction for visitors.
Scenic Beauty: The Mahanadi River, as it meanders through the gorge, offers breathtaking views of the surrounding hills and forests. The scenic beauty of the river and the gorge attracts tourists and nature enthusiasts.
Boating Experiences: Visitors to the sanctuary have the opportunity to enjoy boating experiences on the Mahanadi River. These boat rides provide an up-close look at the gorge and the chance to appreciate the natural beauty and wildlife along the riverbanks.
Wildlife Habitat: The river and its banks are crucial habitats for various wildlife species, including crocodiles, turtles, and numerous bird species. The presence of water in the sanctuary is vital for the survival of these animals.
Conservation: Efforts are made to conserve the Mahanadi River and its surrounding ecosystem within the sanctuary. Conservation initiatives aim to protect the water quality and the wildlife that depends on the river for sustenance.
In summary, the Mahanadi River is central to the identity of the Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary, shaping its landscape, providing essential water resources, and offering a captivating natural spectacle for visitors.
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Flora
The Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary is home to a diverse range of flora, thanks to its varied ecosystems, including dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous forests, and grasslands. Here are some of the notable flora species found in the sanctuary:
- Sal
- Teak
- Bamboo
- Karada
- Dhawra Piasal
- Asan
- Amla
- Bela
- Dhaura
- Jamu
- Kadamba
- Kanchan
- Kangara
- Kasi
- Kendu
- Kurum
- Kusum
- Mahul
- Mango
- Mundi
- Phasi
- Sidha
- Simul
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Fauna (Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary Animals)
Which animal is Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary famous for?
Here is a list of some of the notable fauna found in the Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary:
Mammals:
- Tiger
- Leopard
- Asian Elephant
- Gaur
- Sambar
- Spotted Deer
- Barking Deer
- Wild Boar
- Indian Langur (Gray Langur)
- Rhesus Macaque
- Common Leopard Cat
Birds:
- Oriental Pied Hornbill
- Indian Skimmer
- Grey-headed Fish Eagle
- White-bellied Sea Eagle
- Crested Serpent Eagle
- Changeable Hawk-Eagle
- Indian Peafowl (Peacock)
- Indian Grey Hornbill
- Indian Pied Hornbill
- Asian Openbill
- Lesser Adjutant Stork
Reptiles:
- Gharial
- Mugger
- Indian Python
- Cobra
- Monitor Lizard
Turtle:
- Olive Ridley Turtle
- Chitra Indica (Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle)
- Trionyx (Aspideretes) Gangeticus (Indian Softshell Turtle)
Satkosia Gorge Sanctuary UPSC Questions
Q. Where is Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary situated?/In which state Satkosia Gorge is located?/Which district is Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary in?
A. Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Indian state of Odisha, specifically in the Angul district. It is located in the eastern part of India, within the Eastern Ghats mountain range. The sanctuary encompasses the region where the Mahanadi River intersects the Eastern Ghats, creating the stunning Satkosia Gorge.
Q. On which river is Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary?
A. Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on the Mahanadi River. The sanctuary is defined in part by the majestic Mahanadi River, which flows through the sanctuary and forms the dramatic Satkosia Gorge, a prominent natural feature of the sanctuary. The Mahanadi River is one of the major rivers in India and is essential to the region's ecology and biodiversity.
Q. Which state declared Satkosia Gorge as Ramsar site?
Q. What is Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary famous for?
A. Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha, India, is famous for several reasons:
(i) Unique Landscape: Satkosia is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, particularly the dramatic gorge formed by the Mahanadi River as it cuts through the Eastern Ghats. The gorge is a unique geomorphological feature and a major attraction.
(ii) Biodiversity: The sanctuary is known for its rich biodiversity. It is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including Bengal tigers, leopards, elephants, gaur (Indian bison), spotted deer, sambar deer, wild boar, and various species of primates, among others.
(iii) Birdwatching: Satkosia is a paradise for birdwatchers, with over 200 species of birds recorded in the area. Bird enthusiasts can spot a diverse range of avian species, making it a popular destination for ornithologists and photographers.
(iv) Reptiles: The sanctuary is home to reptiles such as gharials, mugger crocodiles, Indian pythons, and various species of turtles, including the Chitra indica and Trionyx (Aspideretes) gangeticus.
(v) River Activities: Visitors can enjoy boat rides on the Mahanadi River, which offer opportunities to view wildlife, experience the scenic beauty of the gorge, and appreciate the sanctuary from the water.
(vi) Tiger Reserve: A portion of the sanctuary has been designated as the Satkosia Tiger Reserve, aimed at conserving and protecting the Bengal tiger population in the region.
(vii) Nature Interpretation Centre: A Nature Interpretation Centre at Tikarpada serves to educate visitors about the sanctuary's ecology, wildlife, and conservation efforts.
(viii) Trekking and Adventure: The sanctuary offers trekking and adventure opportunities, allowing visitors to explore its diverse terrain and immerse themselves in the natural surroundings.
Overall, Satkosia Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for its natural beauty, diverse wildlife, and the opportunity it provides to connect with nature and observe the flora and fauna of this ecologically significant region.
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