Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary UPSC
The Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is a well-known bird sanctuary located in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the oldest water bird sanctuaries in the country and is renowned for its importance in the conservation of avian species, especially migratory birds.
The breeding season, which typically occurs between November and February, is the best time to visit the sanctuary. During this period, the sanctuary becomes a bustling hub of activity as birds build nests, lay eggs, and raise their chicks.
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Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Location
The Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is located in the Madurantakam taluk of the Chengalpattu district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is situated in the southern part of India, approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) southwest of Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. It is located 48 kilometres from Kanchipuram.
Nearest Airport:
The nearest airport to Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is the Chennai International Airport. It is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) northeast of the sanctuary.
Nearest Railway Station:
The nearest railway station to Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is the Chengalpattu Railway Station. Chengalpattu is a town located about 28 kilometers (17 miles) southeast of Vedanthangal.
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary History
The history of Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is notable for its community-driven conservation efforts and its status as one of India's oldest bird sanctuaries. Here is a brief overview of its history:
1. Early History: Vedanthangal, which translates to "hamlet of the hunter" in Tamil, was originally a hunting ground for wealthy landlords in the early 1700s. They engaged in hunting mainly for sport in this region, which was abundant in wetlands, small lakes, and water bodies.
2. British Government's Intervention: Recognizing the ecological importance of Vedanthangal, the British colonial government took steps to develop it into a sanctuary for birds in 1798. This marked the beginning of formal conservation efforts in the area.
3. Transition to a Protected Area: Over time, Vedanthangal began to gain recognition not only for its birdlife but also for its ecological significance. In response to complaints about hunting expeditions by British soldiers, the Collector granted legal protection to the birds in 1858.
4. Official Recognition: Vedanthangal was officially recognized as a sanctuary in 1936, and it was designated a Reserve in 1962 under the Madras Forest Act.
5. Wildlife Sanctuary: The sanctuary was further elevated in status when it was upgraded to a wildlife sanctuary in 1972 under the Wildlife Protection Act.
6. Bird Sanctuary: In 1996, it was declared as bird sanctuary by government.
7. Community Involvement: Throughout its history, the local community played a crucial role in conserving Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary. Farmers recognized that the presence of birds contributed to increased agricultural yields due to the nutrient-rich bird droppings.
8. Ramsar Site: In 2022, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary was recognized as a Ramsar Site under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, further highlighting its international importance for wetland conservation.
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Area
The Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 30 hectares (74 acres). This sanctuary is relatively small in size compared to some other bird sanctuaries but is rich in biodiversity and birdlife.
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Lake
Vedanthangal Lake, also known as Vedanthangal Tank, is a prominent feature within the Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary. This lake is at the heart of the sanctuary and serves as a critical component of the wetland ecosystem that attracts numerous bird species, both resident and migratory.
Vedanthangal Lake is the central water source for the sanctuary, and it plays a crucial role in providing food and habitat for a diverse range of bird species. The lake's aquatic vegetation and fish populations attract birds for foraging and breeding.
Apart from its ecological importance, Vedanthangal Lake adds to the scenic beauty of the sanctuary. It is surrounded by lush vegetation and trees, creating a picturesque setting for birdwatching and nature photography.
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Flora
The flora of Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary primarily consists of aquatic and marshland vegetation, which is typical of wetland ecosystems. Here are some common types of flora found in the sanctuary:
(1) Aquatic Plants:
Various species of aquatic plants thrive in the water bodies of Vedanthangal. These may include submerged plants like hydrilla and water hyacinth, as well as emergent plants such as bulrushes, sedges, and reeds. These plants provide important nesting sites and cover for birds and other wildlife.
(2) Floating Plants:
Floating plants like water lilies and lotus can often be found on the surface of the lakes and ponds in the sanctuary. They not only enhance the aesthetic beauty of the wetlands but also provide food and shelter for waterfowl.
(3) Wetland Grasses:
Wetland grasses, sedges, and rushes are common in the areas surrounding the water bodies. These grasses provide nesting material and cover for birds and other small animals.
(4) Terrestrial Vegetation:
The sanctuary's surroundings may have some terrestrial vegetation, including dryland trees and shrubs. These areas can serve as foraging grounds and roosting sites for birds when they are not in the water.
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Fauna (Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary Animals)
The Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is renowned for its diverse avian fauna, both resident and migratory. Birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts flock to this sanctuary to observe the numerous bird species that call it home.
Here are some of the prominent fauna you can find at Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary:
Mammals:
- Jungle Cat
- Jackal
- Wild Boar
- Black-naped Hare
Birds:
Which birds are found in Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary?/Which bird is famous in Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary?
- Egrets
- Spot billed Pelicans
- Great Cormorants
- Painted Storks
- Eurasian Spoonbills
- Black-headed Ibis
- Indian Cormorant
- Asian Open bill
- Great Egrets
- Grey Heron
- Purple Heron
- White Ibis
- Night Heron
- Darter or Snakebird
- Pintails
- Pond Herons
- Comb Duck
- Common Teals
- Shovellor
- Dabchick
- Black-winged Stilt
- Little Stilt
- Red Shank
- Sand Piper
- Ringed Plover
- Curlew
- Babblers
- Parakeets
- Beeeaters
- Barbets
- Drongos
- Cuckoos
- Black Winged Kite
- Short-toed Eagle
- Brahminy Kit
- Pariah Kites
Reptiles:
- Snakes
- Lizards
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary UPSC Questions
Q. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is located in which state/district?Where is Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary located?/Where does Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary belongs to?
A. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is located in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Specifically, it is situated in the Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu. This bird sanctuary is approximately 75 kilometers (47 miles) southwest of Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. The sanctuary is easily accessible from Chennai and is a popular destination for bird enthusiasts and nature lovers.
Q. How many species of birds are found in Vedanthangal?
A. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is home to a diverse array of bird species, both resident and migratory. The exact number of bird species found in the sanctuary can vary depending on the season and the year. On average, more than 100 different bird species have been recorded in Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary.
During the peak winter months, when migratory birds from various regions visit the sanctuary, the number of bird species can be especially high. Birdwatchers and ornithologists frequent the sanctuary to observe and document the avian diversity.
Q. Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary best time to visit?
A. The best time to visit Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary largely depends on your specific interests and what you want to experience. However, there are two primary seasons when the sanctuary offers unique opportunities for visitors:
(1) Breeding Season (November to February):
This is typically considered the best time to visit Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary. During the winter months, numerous migratory birds from various regions flock to the sanctuary for breeding. The sanctuary becomes a hub of activity as birds build nests, lay eggs, and raise their chicks. You can witness a wide variety of bird species engaged in breeding behaviors, making it a fascinating time for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. The weather during this season is generally pleasant and cooler, making it comfortable for outdoor exploration.
(2) Migratory Season (October to March):
If you're interested in observing migratory birds, visiting during the migratory season is ideal. Migratory birds start arriving in Vedanthangal from October onwards and continue to stay until March. This period provides an opportunity to see a diverse range of bird species that use the sanctuary as a wintering ground. Birdwatchers can observe the comings and goings of these migratory birds.
Q. What is Vedanthangal Wildlife Sanctuary famous for?/What are the special features of Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary?
A. Vedanthangal Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary, is famous for several reasons:
1. Avian Diversity: The sanctuary is renowned for its rich avian biodiversity. It serves as a critical habitat for a wide variety of bird species, both resident and migratory. Vedanthangal is particularly famous for hosting thousands of waterbirds during the breeding and migratory seasons.
2. Breeding Ground: Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is a vital breeding ground for several bird species, including painted storks, herons, pelicans, and spoonbills. During the breeding season, the sanctuary becomes a bustling hub of activity as birds build nests, lay eggs, and raise their chicks.
3. Migratory Birds: The sanctuary is an important wintering ground for migratory birds that travel from various parts of the world. Birdwatchers and ornithologists flock to Vedanthangal to witness the arrival of these migratory species.
4. Community-Based Conservation: Vedanthangal is notable for its history of community-based conservation efforts. The local communities have played a significant role in protecting the birds and their nesting sites for generations, making it a successful example of how conservation can be achieved with the involvement of the people who live in close proximity to the sanctuary.
5. Ramsar Site: In 2022, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary was recognized as a Ramsar Site under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. This international recognition highlights its importance for wetland conservation on a global scale.
6. Tourist Attraction: The sanctuary is a popular destination for bird enthusiasts, nature lovers, and tourists. Visitors have the opportunity to observe and photograph a diverse array of bird species in their natural habitat.
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