Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Manipur, India. The terrain is hilly, with a network of streams, and the majority of these streams flow into the Tuivai river.
The sanctuary's elevation ranges from 1,000 m above mean sea level to 2,000 m, encompassing different forest biomes. The region is covered with dense tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, along with bamboo brakes.
It is located within the Eastern Himalayas Endemic Bird Area, with the potential presence of various restricted range species.
The best time to visit the sanctuary is from October to April.
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Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Location
The Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Kailam-Tipaimukh Hill Range in the Churachandpur district of Manipur, India. This sanctuary is situated within the hill ranges and is known for its diverse flora and fauna.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Nearest Airport:
The nearest airport to Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is Imphal International Airport. It serves as the closest air transport hub for visitors traveling to the sanctuary.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Nearest Railway Station:
The nearest railway station to Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is Jiribam Railway Station. It is the closest railway station for those arriving by train to the vicinity of the sanctuary.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary History
Establishment: Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary was officially notified in the year 1997. This notification likely signifies the formal recognition and establishment of the sanctuary as a protected area for the conservation of its flora and fauna.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Area
What is the area of Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary?
The Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary covers an approximate area of 187.5 square kilometers. It is characterized by its hilly terrain, dense tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, and a network of streams that eventually flow into the Tuivai river.
This area has been designated as a protected sanctuary to conserve the rich biodiversity found within its boundaries.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Hills
The Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is located within the Kailam-Tipaimukh Hill Range in Manipur, India. This sanctuary is situated in a hilly terrain, which is a prominent feature of the region. The hills in and around the sanctuary are covered with dense tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, making it an ideal habitat for various wildlife species.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary River
The Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is located in a region where numerous streams and rivers are present. One of the notable rivers associated with the sanctuary is the "Tuivai River." Many of the streams and rivers in the sanctuary's vicinity eventually drain into the Tuivai River.
The Tuivai River is an important watercourse in the area, and it likely plays a significant role in the ecology and hydrology of the sanctuary. These water bodies contribute to the overall ecosystem and provide water sources for the diverse wildlife that inhabits the sanctuary.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Flora
The Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its diverse flora, and it is characterized by dense tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. Here are some of the notable plant species found in the sanctuary:
Phoebe hainesiana: This is a tree species known for its timber and aromatic wood.
Michelia champaca: Also known as the champak tree, it is valued for its fragrant flowers.
Dillenia pentagyna: A species of flowering tree, also known as the Indian wild rose.
Duabanga sonneratoides: This is a large deciduous tree with ornamental value.
Terminalia myriocarpa: A tree species known for its timber and medicinal properties.
Gmelina arborea: A fast-growing tree species used for timber and reforestation.
Bauhinia purpurea: Also known as the butterfly tree, it's valued for its ornamental flowers.
Artocarpus hirsute: A species of jackfruit tree known for its fruit.
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Fauna (Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary Animals)
The Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its rich and diverse fauna. Here are some of the notable animal species that can be found within the sanctuary:
Mammals:
- Hoolock Gibbon
- Leopard
- Clouded leopard
- Asiatic Black Bear
- Barking Deer
- Sambar
- Jackal
- Jungle Cat
- Golden Cat
- Serow
- Stump Tailed Macaque
- Pig Tailed Monkey
- Marble Cat
Birds:
- Rufous-necked Hornbill
- Brown Hornbill
- Great Pied Hornbill
- Wreathed Hornbill
- Oriental Pied Hornbill
- Grey Sibia
- Mrs Hume’s Pheasant
Reptiles:
- Snakes
- Lizards
Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC Questions
Q. What is Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary famous for?
A. Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary in Manipur, India, is famous for several reasons:
(i) Hornbill Species: The sanctuary is renowned for being home to five different species of hornbills, including the Rufous-necked Hornbill, Brown Hornbill, Great Pied Hornbill, Wreathed Hornbill, and Oriental Pied Hornbill. Hornbills are large and charismatic birds known for their distinctive appearance and ecological importance.
(ii) Rich Biodiversity: Kailam Wildlife Sanctuary boasts a diverse range of flora and fauna. It is known for its rich biodiversity, including various mammals, birds, and plant species, making it an excellent location for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers.
(iii) Rare and Endangered Species: The sanctuary is known to host several rare and endangered species, such as the Hoolock Gibbon and the Rufous-necked Hornbill, which are listed as vulnerable species by conservation organizations.
(iv) Scenic Landscape: The sanctuary is situated in a hilly terrain with beautiful landscapes covered in dense tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. The lush green hills and the network of streams enhance its scenic beauty.
(v) Eastern Himalayas Endemic Bird Area: The sanctuary falls within the Eastern Himalayas Endemic Bird Area, which is known for its unique and regionally specific bird species. This designation highlights the area's importance for bird conservation.
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