Endangered Plants in Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park is home to a rich diversity of plant species, ranging from towering conifers to delicate wildflowers. However, despite the park’s vast protected landscapes, certain plant species remain endangered due to factors such as climate change, habitat destruction, and invasive species. Among these, a few native plants have been identified as particularly vulnerable.

1. Yellowstone Sand Verbena (Abronia ammophila)

One of the most unique and rare plants in Yellowstone is the Yellowstone sand verbena, an endemic species found only within the park. This flowering plant grows in the sandy soils along the shores of Yellowstone Lake, an environment that presents harsh conditions including cold temperatures and strong winds. Unlike other members of its genus, which thrive in warmer climates, the Yellowstone sand verbena has adapted to survive in this high-altitude environment. However, due to its limited range, increasing visitor activity, and changing lake levels influenced by climate shifts, this species faces significant threats. Conservation efforts focus on monitoring population sizes and protecting its fragile habitat from disturbances.

2. Ross’s Bentgrass (Agrostis rossiae)

Another plant endemic to Yellowstone, Ross’s bentgrass, is a small, delicate grass species found in the park’s geothermal areas. It thrives in the nutrient-rich, warm soils near hot springs and geysers, making it highly specialized and uniquely adapted to its environment. This species, however, is extremely vulnerable to changes in geothermal activity, which can be influenced by both natural shifts and human-induced factors such as climate change. Additionally, foot traffic from park visitors can damage its fragile habitat. Research is ongoing to understand the long-term viability of Ross’s bentgrass and to develop strategies for its conservation.

3. Yellowstone Sulfur Wild Buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum var. cladophorum)

A rare variety of sulfur buckwheat, Yellowstone sulfur wild buckwheat is another endemic plant species in the park. It typically grows in rocky, nutrient-poor soils, particularly in areas influenced by geothermal activity. Like Ross’s bentgrass, this plant’s survival is closely tied to the stability of Yellowstone’s geothermal features. Changes in temperature, mineral deposits, and visitor-related disturbances all pose potential threats. While it has not yet been classified as critically endangered, its restricted range makes it highly susceptible to environmental changes, warranting close monitoring and protective measures.

4. Lesser Rushy Milkvetch (Astragalus diversifolius)

A rare species of milkvetch, lesser rushy milkvetch is typically found in Yellowstone’s wetland and riparian habitats. It has a narrow ecological niche, making it vulnerable to changes in water availability and habitat disturbance.

5. Slender Moonwort (Botrychium lineare)

One of the rarest fern species, slender moonwort is known to exist in only a few locations, including Yellowstone. It is highly sensitive to habitat disturbances and changes in soil conditions.

6. Park Milkvetch (Astragalus thermalis)

The Park milkvetch is a legume species that grows in Yellowstone’s geothermal areas. Like Ross’s bentgrass, it has adapted to the extreme conditions of geothermal landscapes but remains rare due to its restricted habitat and susceptibility to environmental changes.